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Column Name: fwkr Span: 1820-2000 Units: Persons Format: Integer  Farm
workersThe number employed in agriculture represents the total number of persons, including slaves, engaged in agriculture. The classification scheme used divided possible occupations into three industrial divisions of work: agriculture, commerce, and manufactures. Source (where directly obtained): Haines, Michael R., and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790-2000, Database 2896. Hamilton, NY: Colgate University/Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producers], 2004. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2005. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu Original Source: U.S. Census Office. Fourth Decennial Census of the United States, 1820. Census for 1820. Washington D.C.: Gales and Seaton, 1821.  The number employed in agriculture represents the total number of persons, including slaves, engaged in agriculture. The classification scheme used divided possible occupations into several industrial divisions of work: agriculture; mining; commerce; manufactures and trades; navigation of the ocean; navigation of canals, lakes, and rivers; and learned professions and engineers. Source (where directly obtained): Haines, Michael R., and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790-2000, Database 2896. Hamilton, NY: Colgate University/Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producers], 2004. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2005. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu Original Source:  The number of persons employed in agriculture represents all those employed in agricultural occupations, including farmers, farm managers, and farm laborers.
Haines, Michael R., and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790-2000, Database 2896. Hamilton, NY: Colgate University/Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producers], 2004. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2005. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu Original Source: United States, 1950. Characteristics of the Population, Volume II, Parts 2-50. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1952.  The total number of people in the civilian labor force employed in agriculture includes all civilians 14 years old or over employed in farming and agricultural services; on farms as truck drivers, mechanics, and bookkeepers; in agricultural activities other than strictly farm operation, such as crop dusting or spraying, cotton ginning, and landscape gardening. Persons employed in forestry and fisheries are excluded. The industry data represented here are derived from a household enumeration, and may differ from data based on industry reports from establishments (e.g. the decennial census uses its own industrial classification system, and this enumeration represents an unduplicated count, with each person enumerated only once whether or not he or she worked at multiple establishments or had multiple occupations). Haines, Michael R., and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790-2000, Database 2896. Hamilton, NY: Colgate University/Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [producers], 2004. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2005. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu Original Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. County and City Data Book, 1962. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1962. The count of farm workers was derived from a series of questions asked of a twenty percent sample of the population. It represents all civilians sixteen years old and over (the employed, the experienced unemployed, and persons not currently in the labor force but with previous experience) employed as farmers or farm managers. The farmers category includes occupations involving operating farms, producing crops, and/or fruit and livestock. The farm managers category includes occupations concerned with managing farms for employers on a paid basis. Activities include planning and directing livestock production and crop rotation practices to maximize production using guidelines from the owner; supervising, planting, cultivating, harvesting, and marketing activities; and maintaining production records and coordinating and directing activities of other farm workers. -U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1970 Census of the Population, Volume I, Characteristics of the Population – Table 122, Occupation and Earnings for Counties: 1970. -U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1980 Census of Population, Volume I, Characteristics of the Population – Table 177, Occupation of Employed Persons for Counties: 1980. http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/ Original Source: -U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1970 Census of the Population, Volume I, Characteristics of the Population. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973. -U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1980 Census of Population, Volume I, Characteristics of the population. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1982.  Those operators listed under the principle occupation of farming spent fifty percent or more of their work time in 1992 in farming or ranching. Farm operators operate a farm, either doing the work or making day-to-day decisions about such things as planting, harvesting, feeding, and marketing. The operator may be the owner, a member of the owner’s household, a hired manager, a tenant, a renter, or a sharecropper. If a person rents land to others or has land worked on shares by others, he/she is considered the operator only of the land which is retained for his/her own operation. For partnerships, only one partner is counted as the operator. If it is not clear which partner is in charge, then the senior or oldest active partner is considered the operator. Thus for census purposes, the number of operators is the same as the number of farms. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), 1992 Census of Agriculture, Volume 1, Geographic Area Series, “County Summary Highlights: 1992.” http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census92/volume1/vol1pubs.htm Original Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), 1992 Census of Agriculture, Volume 1, Geographic Area Series. The count of farm workers was derived from a series of questions asked of a twenty percent sample of the population. It represents all civilians sixteen years old and over (the employed, the experienced unemployed, and persons not currently in the labor force but with previous experience) employed as farmers or farm managers. Farmers on an ownership or rental basis operate farms, ranches, greenhouses, nurseries, timber tracts, or other agricultural production establishments which produce crops, horticultural specialties, livestock, poultry, finfish, shellfish, or animal specialties. This category includes operators of cotton gins, packing houses, and other post-harvest operations. Farmers may plant, cultivate, harvest, perform post-harvest activities, and market crops and livestock; hire, train, and supervise farm workers or supervise a farm labor contractor; prepare cost, production, and other records; and maintain and operate machinery and perform physical work. Farm managers on a paid basis manage farms, ranches, aquacultural operations, greenhouses, nurseries, timber tracts, cotton gins, packing houses, or other agricultural establishments for employers. They carry out production, financial, and marketing decisions relating to the managed operations following guidelines from the owner. Managers may contract tenant farmers or producers to carry out the day-to-day activities of the managed operation; supervise planting, cultivating, harvesting, and marketing activities; prepare cost, production, and other records; and perform physical work and operate machinery. U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Summary File 3, “Sex by Occupation for the Employed Civilian Population 16 Years and Over.” Original Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Summary File 3: Technical Documentation, 2002. |
