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Coweeta LTER Program 1999 Annual Report
NSF Grant DEB-96-32854
Submitted to the National Science
Foundation 04 August 1999
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Research
Activities and Findings
A. Land-Use
Change Regionalization Project
a. Aquatic
Ecology Highlights
b. Terrestrial
Ecology Highlights
c. Socio-Economic
Highlights
B. Stream
Ecology Projects
C. Hillslope-Riparian
Projects
D. Terrestrial
Gradient and Canopy Gap Projects
III. Data and GIS
Management
IV. Coweeta LTER
Training, Development, and Outreach Activities
V. Cross-Site
Research Projects
VI. LTER/ILTER
Network Activities
VII. Coweeta LTER
Publications (1998 to present)
A. Published
Journal Articles
B. Published
Book Chapters
C. Dissertations, Theses,
and Other Publications
VIII. Coweeta LTER Related Research
Grants (1998 to present)
Coweeta LTER research focuses on studies along complex environmental gradients to examine the response to disturbance in a landscape perspective. We are examining the causes and consequences of land cover change in the southern Appalachians and are examining three linked components of the landscape: upland forests, riparian zones, and streams. In addition, the regional and socio-economic components of our research include a large scale (56,000 km2) research approach to better understand the regional interactions of our ecosystems.
This report contains a brief update of these major research projects along with updates on data management and other LTER related research. In addition, we also include information on outreach, cross-site, and LTER/ILTER Network activities. We conclude with listings of publications and research grants related to our Coweeta LTER project.
Research Activities and Findings
Land-Use Change
Regionalization Project
Our regionalization land-use
change project, initiated with augmentation funding in 1994, has been a steady
source of excitement for our site.
Aquatic Ecology Highlights The aquatic research group has focused on a series of twenty-four sampling sites representing six replicated primarily forested and pasture sites in two different river drainage systems (Little Tennessee and French Broad). Fish and invertebrate quantity and diversity, along with water quality variables, have been sampled at each site over the past three field seasons and have yielded numerous interesting results. As more detailed data of the land cover history of the area upstream of sample points has become available from GIS projects, additional analyses of the stream data have been possible. Results show that though significant differences exist in the species assemblages between primarily forested and agricultural drainage types, the history of the landscape may account for much of the difference between sites within each type of drainage. For example, terrestrial recovery from agricultural use may be relatively rapid, however recovery of stream fauna to their pre-disturbance species and population dynamics may take considerably longer (i.e. decades).
Terrestrial Ecology Highlights The terrestrial ecology research group has made progress on two main activities. First, Paul Bolstad, Co-PI on the project, has worked closely with all groups in the Regionalization project to distribute the wealth of digitized mapping and land cover products which his lab has produced. Paul is also a member of the three-person carbon cycling team, along with James Vose and Brian Kloeppel, who are quantifying the pools and fluxes of the carbon cycle across the complex southern Appalachian landscape. Three years of intense data collection and one year of summary and analysis have yielded relationships for the effect of slope position, aspect, temperature, and seasonal morphology on foliage, woody, soil, and litter carbon fluxes. These functional relationships, coupled with the more straightforward measurement of carbon pools for each of the above components now allow the development of a first generation carbon cycling model.
In addition to the carbon-cycling work, efforts by Scott Pearson and Monica Turner have focused on the diversity of species, both plant and bird populations, across the landscape in relation to land-use history. Jim Clark’s lab has made a significant contribution to understanding the role of fire in land-use change by reconstructing the charcoal and pollen records from cores taken from 12 small bogs and ponds in North Carolina and Virginia. They were analyzed to determine the importance of fire and human disturbance in shaping presettlement and 20th century forests in the southern Appalachians. Prior to European settlement, low charcoal accumulations occurred, indicating low amounts of burning during the past 2000 years. However, charcoal peaks after European settlement suggest the presence of natural fires in forests. Furthermore, high charcoal concentrations occur at the transition between coniferous and deciduous forests of the Holocene and Pleistocene indicating a greater role of fire in these transitional forests.
Socio-Economic Highlights Our socio-economic group has made significant progress on two fronts. First, an intense mapping and modeling project has digitized select areas from a five state southern Appalachian area. The database contains typical GIS layers such as slope, elevation, aspect, and land cover along with more socio-economic layers such as building density, population distribution, and road systems. These data have been summarized from sets of aerial photos and satellite imagery from both the 1950’s and the 1990’s. This forty year time period change has then been used as a baseline, along with other socio-economic factors, to predicting future land use change with predictions of population and building distribution and land cover for the year 2030.
Ted Gragson has also been performing an extensive census and population history of our regionalization study area and has found numerous interesting patterns. Rather than population growth and seasonal migration being strictly recent phenomena (from retiree and vacation home construction), they may be a repetition of a pattern set early in the population history of the Blue Ridge Mountains. A settlement history from 1790 to the present for the 42 counties in northern Georgia, western North Carolina, and southwestern Virginia comprising the cultural Blue Ridge has been developed from archival census records and other information.
Stream Ecology
Projects
Research on southern Appalachian
streams continues to be a diverse and productive aspect of the Coweeta LTER
project involving 7 Co-PIs and at least 15 graduate students. Stream researchers
focus on land-water interactions and in-stream processes, and how they are
impacted by anthropogenic and other disturbances. Stream research has been
integrated into most LTER project areas including gradient, regionalization, and
riparian projects. In addition, several stream projects have been inspired by
LTER, but are funded from other sources (see listing of Related Research
Grants). These include fish diversity and sedimentation in the southern
Appalachians (funded by USGS), the Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment {LINX}
(NSF and Fulbright), a litter exclusion experiment (NSF), and a nutrient
addition experiment (NSF).
In another series of studies, we examined the role of macrobiota in structuring the benthic communities of two low-order southern Appalachian streams, one draining intact forest (Ball Creek) and one draining pasture (Jones Creek). Fishes and crayfishes were excluded from areas of both streams using an electric exclusion technique; chlorophyll a, ash free dry mass (AFDM), and invertebrates were sampled over a 40-day period. In both streams, chlorophyll a and AFDM were higher in exclusion than control areas, although these trends were not consistently significant across all sampling dates. In Jones Creek, significantly more large (> 4 mm) aquatic insect larvae were found in exclusion than control areas, most likely due to exclusion treatments providing a refuge from macrobiotic predators. This refuge effect was also evident in Ball Creek, where exclusion treatments contained significantly more filterers. Results indicate that macrobiota influence the structure of southern Appalachian benthic communities by decreasing the amount of organic matter (algal and detrital) available for other consumers and by preferentially preying on certain sizes and taxa of invertebrates. Compared to some low-order tropical streams, however, macrobiotic influences are low. Weaker effects may be attributed to decreased abundance of macrobiota and increased influence of benthic insects in southern Appalachian streams.
Hillslope-Riparian
Projects
In the four years following the
vegetation cut and hurricane impacts, soil moisture decreased on the vegetation
cut hillslope relative to the storm impact hillslope. Groundwater levels did not
vary on either hillslope. For all seedlings measured, initial analysis showed
little regeneration and high mortality in the control sites. Acer rubrum and Liriodendron tulipifera seedlings were found prevalent in the treatment
removal quadrats while Liriodendron tulipifera and Betula lenta
seedlings dominated the hurricane removal quadrats. Total soil respiration rates
were similar in the first year post-treatment, but then gradually increased in
years two and three to 30% greater in the cut plot transects compared to the
storm plot transects.
Monthly measurements of net N-mineralization along three transects in cut and storm plots showed moderate differences at 1 m, and as much as four times greater mineralization rates at 5 and 15 m above the stream on the storm slope. These differences were most pronounced in spring and early summer.
In the four years following hurricane and Rhododendron removal treatments, soilwater nutrient concentrations on the vegetation cut hillslope generally did not vary significantly, although a small increase in NO3-N was seen in one plot on the vegetation cut slope. In contrast, nutrient concentrations on the storm impact hillslope showed marked changes. NO3-N concentrations showed consistent increases of at least two orders in magnitude in all lysimeters on the storm impact hillslope. Marked and persistent changes were also seen in SO4 (decrease), Ca (increase) and Mg (increase) in the soilwater. In groundwater, SO4 showed no differential response following the vegetation removal and hurricane events. For other nutrients (NO3-N, Ca and Mg), however, responses in groundwater were similar, although of lesser magnitude, to soilwater. Nutrient concentrations varied seasonally, with major changes occurring in summer and early autumn in both soilwater and groundwater.
Terrestrial
Gradient and Canopy Gap Projects
The study of forested ecosystems
over a complex environmental gradient was initiated in 1991 and has continued to
generate many interesting results as well as several new studies that are
currently underway. The gradient has five intensive plots, established from a
relatively dry oak ecosystem to a mesic high elevation northern hardwoods
ecosystem, as well as 20 extensive plots providing greater spatial coverage of
these ecosystems across the Coweeta basin.
Several new studies established on the gradient plots include a 15-year small log (bolt) study established by James Vose and D.A. Crossley. During the course of the study, including nine commonly transplanted species on all sites, periodic biomass sampling along with gas flux measurements are being conducted. Two-year results indicate surprisingly high decomposition at the high elevation northern hardwoods site, the site expected to exhibit the lowest decomposition rates. This same site exhibits unexpectedly high soil nitrogen mineralization. In a second set of studies, the area of the gradient plots is being enlarged from 20 x 40 m to 80 x 80 m in an effort to map and model single and multiple tree gap dynamics. Seed rain, seed bank dynamics, seedling dynamics, and overstory survival and growth have already being quantified. This last component will allow a complete analysis of all life stages of the vegetation across the complex gradient. The larger plots have also been used to map and quantify coarse woody debris on the gradient plots.
Our artificially induced forest gap project is nearing completion of the first phase of work. This replicated study conducted on high and low elevation forest sites has monitored the microclimate, seedling dynamics, physiology, and N mineralization of both rhododendron and non-rhododendron study sites. Results show that the impact of rhododendron was highly detrimental to seedling establishment and growth. Several investigators have now established forest gap plots resulting from hurricane Opal that impacted Coweeta on 05 October 95. This progression to more and widespread plots will allow us to investigate the gap dynamics across a larger geographic area and elevational gradient of the Coweeta Basin.
Our Information Manager, Ron Rouhani, and our GIS Manager, Ned Gardiner, have continued to move our Information and GIS management and organization forward as described below.
During the past year, the Coweeta web page (home page URL address: http://coweeta.ecology.uga.edu) has had numerous additions including GIS maps and online data, species lists, schoolyard descriptions, and metadata. The Coweeta LTER bibliography containing 1154 citations including abstracts is available online. The user may search the citations by using a specific or general query string.
A fully interactive web page of our plant tissue and soil sample archive is available online. Jim Deal, our Analytical Lab Manager, maintains the cataloging and management of this archive which contains 76 sample sets with over 21,000 samples. Where possible, online descriptions of the sample sets have also been linked to the online laboratory analyses that have been conducted on the archived samples. Forms for submitting new samples and obtaining subsamples from the archived sets are online and are coordinated by Jim Deal and a committee of two other scientists at Coweeta, Brian Kloeppel and Jennifer Knoepp.
We have fundamentally redesigned our GIS database in the past year. We followed three steps in migrating from an ad-hoc file storage system to a more usable, durable one. First, we archived all GIS data under a simple data directory map. Second, we normalized the database, eliminating redundant information where possible. Third, we standardized the projection, spheroid, and ellipsoid to be used for the entire set of geospatial data. This important planning phase was supported by funding from the University of Georgia (UGA) Office of the Vice President for Research.
Coweeta LTER Outreach Activities
Our research site has participated in a number of outreach activities during the past year.
First, Coweeta personnel have continued to dedicate part of their time to lead tours for a variety of scientists, resource managers, and students to present and discuss research conducted at Coweeta. This past year we provided tours for over 1300 people with topics ranging from climate network operation, to watershed ecology, to terrestrial gradient research, to the impacts of hurricane Opal in October 1995 on our steep mountain terrain.
Second, our site has again been fortunate to receive Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) positions. This past year, student research focused on rhododendron and laurel biomass and nitrogen distribution and the impact of land use history on small mammals and herbaceous plants.
Third, Sharon Taylor, LTER Technician, currently serves as the Treasurer and Secretary on the Executive Board of the Little Tennessee Watershed Association which is a multi-agency and public involvement grass roots organization to promote wise land, riparian, and stream management. Coweeta LTER research publications and data sets have frequently been cited to provide scientific-based strategies for various land, riparian, and stream management practices.
Fourth, an article was written by a University of Georgia (UGA) journalist on the Coweeta LTER program for the UGA Research Reporter, a glossy high distribution magazine (30,000 copy distribution list) of the UGA Vice President for Research Office.
Fifth, the Coweeta LTER program has pursued all NSF Schoolyard LTER initiatives to build upon our long term commitment to K-12 education. This past year we have had five teachers, 6 research staff, and over 40 students involved in Schoolyard LTER projects.
There are several cross-site research projects involving the Coweeta LTER site. The first is a cross-site ant ecology project headed by Michael Kaspari at the University of Oklahoma who is being assisted by a post-doctoral scientist, Leeanne Alonso. The project, titled "Climatic Regulation of Ant Assemblages in North and Central America" is being conducted at seven sites, three of which (Coweeta, Andrews, and Sevilleta) are LTER sites. A series of manipulations with temperature tiles at various elevations is being conducted along with line transect sampling to determine ant diversity and abundance. These transects have been co-located with long-term monthly soil moisture transects in four watersheds at Coweeta.
The second project is a cross-site study by Liam Heneghan, Dave Coleman, Xiaoming Zou, Dac Crossley, and Bruce Haines at the University of Georgia. They are studying microarthropod regulations of microbial populations involved in leaf litter decomposition in sites in Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, and Coweeta. Cross-site litter decomposition is being compared along with a quantification of the abiotic and biotic agents affecting this decomposition. This study has already produced several publications listed at the end of this annual report.
The third project is NSF funded and concentrates on fine and coarse root growth and dynamics across a series of sites, both LTER and non-LTER, that is coordinated by Ronald Hendrick at the University of Georgia for the Coweeta sampling. The Coweeta site is located on a Terrestrial Gradient project study site and has benefited from the eight years of baseline information already available on the microclimate, soil solution chemistry, throughfall and litter inputs, and large viewing rhizotrons. The minirhizotrons for this study were installed at Coweeta in September 1996 and the first observations were recorded in spring 1997.
Fourth, the LINX (Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment) project is a cooperative study among 11 institutions comparing the dynamics of nitrogen in streams at 10 sites ranging from the North Slope of Alaska to Puerto Rico. The central hypothesis of this project is: "the considerable variability among streams in uptake, retention, and cycling of nitrogen is controlled by key hydrologic, chemical, and metabolic characteristics that determine water retention, degree of nitrogen deficiency, and energy flow through food webs in stream ecosystems." We are using simulation modeling, field tracer (N15) additions, and an intersite comparative approach to address this hypothesis. This study is in its second year and in the progress of data collection at the final site.
Fifth, Dean Urban from Duke University is leading a four site study titled "Environmental variability and forest pattern: a comparison of western and eastern landscapes". Coweeta is providing archived data and is also a field site for this project combining plot level data and landscape scale modeling to explore the sensitivity of these ecosystems to general climate change.
Sixth, Dave Coleman, Coweeta Co-Lead PI, is a co-author and co-editor on the Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research Volume (in press July 1999), Oxford University Press. Agreement on a common protocol for soil measurements that can be greatly affected by methodology (e.g., soil microbial biomass) is imperative to assist in cross-site synthesis. The present volume addresses those concerns, and draws upon the expertise of over 40 scientists from virtually all of the LTER sites as well as collaborators from federal agencies.
Seventh, Dac Crossley, original Co-Lead PI with Wayne Swank for the Coweeta LTER Program in 1980, has retired from the University of Georgia (UGA). A conference held in his honor on 4-6 October 1998 at UGA was titled "Invertebrates as Webmasters in Ecosystems" and included presentations from researchers from six other LTER sites. The proceedings are to be published by CABI Press, co-edited by Dave Coleman and Paul Hendrix. Wayne Swank also retired in February 1999. Wayne’s position as Project Leader at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory was filled by Dr. James Vose, Co-Lead PI of the Coweeta LTER program. Projects initiated by both Dac Crossley and James Vose are now being carried on by other LTER investigators.
We have participated in several LTER and ILTER network activities outside of the regular coordinating committee meetings attended by our site administrators and the annual information management meetings attended by our computer and management staff.
First, Dave Coleman, Coweeta Co-Lead PI, is chairman of the LTER Publications Committee that is advising on all LTER publications, including the LTER synthesis volumes series, to be published by Oxford University Press.
Second, Brian Kloeppel participated in the September 1998 Poland ILTER trip with Jim Gosz. Brian has been awarded a grant for cross-site research in Poland and is currently planning his first research excursion to Poland.
Third, Wayne Swank will be participating in a scientific exchange in 1999 for a cooperative analysis of hydrologic processes on forested watersheds at Coweeta and Turkey.
Publications of the Coweeta LTER Project (1998 - present)
Published Journal Articles (55 total)
Allen, C.J., and A. Heyes. 1998. A preliminary assessment of wet deposition and episodic transport of total and methyl metcury from low order Blue Ridge watersheds, S.E. U.S.A. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 105: 573-592.
Bolstad, P.V., W. Swank, and J. Vose. 1998. Predicting Southern Appalachian overstory vegetation with digital terrain data. Landscape Ecology. 13: 271-283.
Bolstad, P.V., L. Swift, Jr., F. Collins, and J. Régnière. 1998. Measured and predicted air temperatures at basin to regional scales in the southern Appalachian mountains. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 91: 161-176.
Clark, J. S., C. Fastie, G. Hurtt, S. T. Jackson, C. Johnson, G. King, M.Lewis, J. Lynch, S. Pacala, I.C. Prentice, E. W. Schupp, T. Webb, III, and P. Wyckoff. 1998. Reid’s Paradox of rapid plant migration. BioScience 48: 13-24.
Clark, J. S., E. Macklin, and L. Wood. 1998. Stages and spatial scales of recruitment limitation in southern Appalachian forests. Ecological Monographs 68: 213-235.
Clark, J.S., M. Silman, R. Kern, E. Macklin, and J. HilleRisLambers. 1999. Seed dispersal near and far: generalized patterns across temperate and tropical forests. Ecology 80: 1475-1494.
Clinton, B.D., and J.M. Vose.1999. Fine root respiration in mature eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) in situ: the importance of CO2 in controlled environments. Tree Physiology. 19: 475-479.
Clinton, B.D.; J.M. Vose, W.T. Swank, E.C. Berg, and D.L. Loftis. 1998. Fuel consumption and fire characteristics during understory burning in a mixed white pine-hardwood stand in the Southern Appalachians. Research Paper SRS-12. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.8 p.
Coleman, D.C., L. Heneghan, and D.A. Crossley, Jr. 1998. Biodiversity and decomposition in tropical and temperate forests. ISSS Proceedings, Montpellier, France. P.325.
Courtney, G.W. 1998. A method for rearing pupae of net-winged midges (Diptera: Blephariceridae) and other torrenticolous flies. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 100(4): 742-745.
Elliott, K.J., L.R. Boring, and W.T. Swank. 1998. Changes in vegetation structure and diversity after grass-to-forest succession in a Southern Appalachian watershed. American Midland Naturalist. 140: 219-232.
Elliott, K.J., R.J. Hendrick, A.E. Major, J.M. Vose, and W.T. Swank. 1999. Vegetation dynamics after a prescribed fire in the southern Appalachians. Forest Ecology and Management 114: 199-213.
Flebbe, P.A. 1999. Trout use of woody debris and habitat in Wine Spring Creek, North Carolina. Forest Ecology and Management. 114: 367-376.
Ford, W.M., M.A. Menzel, D.W. McGill, J. Laerm, and T.S. McCay. 1999. Effects of community restoration fire on small mammals and herpetofauna in the southern Appalachians. Forest Ecology and Management. 114: 233-243.
Grossman, G.D., and R.E. Ratajczak, Jr. 1998. Long-term patterns of microhabitat use by fish in a southern Appalachian stream from 1983 to 1992: effects of hydrologic period, season and fish length. Ecology of Freshwater Fish. 7: 108-131.
Grossman, G.D., R.E. Ratajczak, Jr., M. Crawford, and M.C. Freeman. 1998. Assemblage of organization in stream fishes: effects of environmental variation and interspecific interactions. Ecological Monographs. 68(3): 395-420.
Hall, R.O., Jr., and J.L. Meyer. 1998. The trophic significance of bacteria in a detritus-based stream food web. Ecology. 79(6): 1995-2012.
Hall, R.O., J. Peterson, and J.L. Meyer. 1998. Testing a nitrogen cycling model of a forested stream using a 15N tracer addition. Ecosystems 1(3): 283-298.
Hansen, R.A., and D.C. Coleman. 1998. Litter complexity and composition are determinants of the diversity and species composition of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) in litterbags. Applied Soil Ecology. 9: 17-23.
Harding, J.S., E.F. Benfield, P.V. Bolstad, G.S. Helfman, and E.B.D. Jones, III. 1998. Stream biodiversity: The ghost of land use past. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95: 14843-14847.
Harper, C.A., and D.C. Guynn, Jr. 1998. A terrestrial vacuum sampler for macroinvertebrates. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 26(2): 302-306.
Harper, C.A., and D.C. Guynn, Jr. 1999. Factors affecting salamander density and distribution within four forest types in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Forest Ecology and Management. 114: 245-252.
Heneghan, L, D.C. Coleman, X. Zou, D.A. Crossley, Jr., and B.L. Haines. 1998. Soil microarthropod community structure and litter decomposition dynamics: a study of tropical and temperate sites. Applied Soil Ecology. 9: 33-38.
Heneghan, L., D.C. Coleman, X. Zou, D.A. Crossley, Jr., and B.L. Haines. 1999. Site-specific contributions to decomposition dynamics: tropical and temperate comparisons of a single substrate (Quercus prinus L.). Ecology 80: (IN PRESS)
Hicks, N.G., M.A. Menzel, and J. Laerm. 1998. Bias in the determination of temporal activity patterns of syntopic peromyscus in the Southern Appalachians. Journal of Mammalogy. 79(3): 1016-1020.
Hutchens, J. J., Jr., K, Chung, and J.B. Wallace. 1998. Temporal variability of stream macroinvertebrate abundance and biomass following pesticide disturbance. Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 17(4): 518-534.
Ives, A. R., M. G. Turner, and S. M. Pearson. 1998. Local explanations of landscape patterns: can analytical approaches approximate simulation models of spatial processes. Ecosystems 1:35-51.
Kloeppel, B.D., S.T. Gower, I.W. Treichel, and S. Kharuk. 1998. Foliar carbon isotope discrimination in Larix species and sympatric evergreen conifers: a global comparison. Oecologia 114: 153-159.
Knoepp, J.D., and W.T. Swank. 1998. Rates of nitrogen mineralization across an elevation and vegetation gradient in the southern Appalachians. Plant and Soil. 204: 235-241.
Knoepp, J.D., L.L. Tieszen, and G.G. Fredlund. 1998. Assessing the vegetation history of three Southern Appalachian balds through soil organic matter analysis. Res. Pap. SRS-13. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 12 p.
Koppes, S.N. 1998. Down in the dirt. University of Georgia Research Reporter. Athens, GA. University of Georgia: 28(1): 7-14.
Lamoncha, K.L., and D.A. Crossley, Jr. 1998. Oribatid mite diversity along an elevation gradient in a southeastern Appalachian forest. Pedobiologia. 42: 43-55.
McCay, T.S., M.A. Menzel, J. Laerm, and L.T. Lepardo. 1998. Timing of parturition of three long-tailed shrews (Sorex spp.) in the southern Appalachians. American Midland Naturalist 139: 394-397.
McNab, W. H., S.A. Browning, S.A. Simon, and P.E. Fouts. 1999. An unconventional approach to ecosystem unit classification in western North Carolina, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 114: 405-420.
McNulty, S.G., and G. Sun. 1998. The development and use of best practices in forest watersheds using GIS and simulation models. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on comprehensive watershed management. 1998 September 7-10. Beijing, China. International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation. 391-398.
Martin, J.G., B.D. Kloeppel, T.L. Schaefer, D.L. Kimbler, and S.G. McNulty. 1998. Aboveground biomass and nitrogen allocation of ten deciduous southern Appalachian tree species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 28: 1648-1659.
Meyer, J.L., J.B. Wallace, and S.L. Eggert. 1998. Leaf litter as a source of dissolved organic carbon in streams. Ecosystems 1: 240-249.
Pearson, S.M., A.B. Smith, and M.G. Turner. 1998. Forest patch size, land use, and mesic forest herbs in the French Broad River Basin, North Carolina. Castanea. 63(3): 382-395.
Post, D.A., G.E. Grant, and J.A. Jones. 1998. New developments in ecological hydrology expand research oportunities. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 79(43): 517, 526.
Rauscher, H.M. 1999. Ecosystem management decision support for federal forests in the United States: a review. Forest Ecology and Management. 114: 173-197.
Reich, P.B., M.B. Walters, D.S. Ellsworth, J.M. Vose, J.C. Volin, C. Gresham, and W.D. Bowman, 1998. Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area and leaf life-span: a test across biomes and functional groups. Oecologia. 114: 471-482.
Ross, G.N. 1998. Butterfly social clubs. Holarctic Lepidoptera. 5(1): 22.
Schaberg, R.H., T.P. Holmes, K.J. Lee, and R.C. Abt. 1999. Ascribing value to ecological processes: an economic view of environmental change. Forest Ecology and Management. 114: 329-338.
Schowalter, T.D., Y.L. Zhang, and T.E. Sabin. 1998. Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of oak (Quercus spp.) logs after five years of decomposition. Ecography 21: 3-10.
Stone, M.K., and J.B. Wallace. 1998. Long-term recovery of a mountain stream from clear-cut logging: the effects of forest succession on benthic invertebrate community structure. Freshwater Biology 39: 151-169.
Sun, G., and S.G. McNulty. 1998. Modeling soil erosion and transport on forest landscape. In: Proceedings of conference 29; 1998 February 16-20; Reno, Nevada: International Erosion Control Association. 187-198.
Swank, W.T. 1998. Multiple use forest management in a catchment context. In: Cresser, M.; Pugh, K. eds. Multiple land use and catchment management: Proceedings of an international conference, 1996 September 11-13; Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. Aberdeen, Scotland, UK: Macaulay Land Use Research Institute: 27-37.
Swift, L.W., Jr., and R.G. Burns. 1999. The three Rs of roads. Journal of Forestry. 40-44.
Tank, J.L., J.R. Webster, E.F. Benfield, and R.L. Sinsabaugh. 1998. The effect of leaf litter exclusion on microbial enzyme activity associated with wood biofilms in streams. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 17:95-103.
Tank, J.L., and J.R. Webster. 1998. Interaction of substrate and nutrient availability on wood biofilm porcesses in streams. Ecology. 79(6): 2168-2179.
Vose, J.M., W.T. Swank, B.D. Clinton, J.D. Knoepp, and L.W. Swift, Jr. 1999. Using stand replacement fires to restore southern Appalachian pine-hardwood ecosystems: effects on mass, carbon, and nutrient pools. Forest Ecology and Management. 114: 215-226.
Wear, D.N., and P. Bolstad. 1998. Land-use changes in Southern Appalachian landscapes: spatial analysis and forecast evaluation. Ecosystems. 1: 575-594.
Whitman, W.B., D.C. Coleman, and W.J. Wiebe. 1998. Prokaryotes: the unseen majority. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 95(12): 6578-6583.
Wright C.J., and D.C. Coleman. 1999. The effects of disturbance events on labile phosphorus fractions and total organic phosphorus in the southern Appalachians. Soil Science. 164: 391 - 402.
Yeakley, J.A., W.T. Swank, L.W. Swift, G.M. Hornberger, and H.H. Shugart. 1998. Soil moisture gradients and controls on a southern Appalachian hillslope from drought through recharge. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2(1): 41-49.
Published Book Chapters (8 total)
Coleman, D.C., P.F. Hendrix, and E.P. Odum. 1998. Ecosystem Health: An Overview. pp. 1-20 in: P.H. Wang (ed.) Soil Chemistry and Ecosystem Health. SSSA Special Publication No. 52, Madison, Wisconsin.
de Steiguer, J.E., and S.G. McNulty. 1998. An integrated assessment of climate change on timber markets of the Southern United States. In: Mickler, Robert A.; Fox, Susan, eds. The productivity and sustainability of southern forest ecosystems in a changing environment. Ecological Studies, vol. 128. New York: Springer-Verlag: 809-822.
Johnson, D.W., R.B. Susfalk, and W.T. Swank. 1998. Simulated effects of atmospheric deposition and species change on nutrient cycling in loblolly pine and mixed deciduous forests. In: Mickler, Robert A.; Fox, Susan, eds. The productivity and sustainability of southern forest ecosystems in a changing environment. Ecological Studies. vol. 128. New York: Springer-Verlag: 503-524. Chapter 27.
McNulty, S.G., P.L. Lorio, Jr., M.P. Ayres, and J.D. Reeve. 1998. Predictions of southern pine beetle populations using a forest ecosystem model. In: Mickler, Robert A.; Fox, Susan, eds. The productivity and sustainability of southern forest ecosystems in a changing environment. Ecological Studies, vol. 128. New York: Springer-Verlag: 617-634.
McNulty, S.G., J.M. Vose, and W.T. Swank. 1998. Predictions and projections of pine productivity and hydrology in response to climate change across the Southern United States. In: Mickler, Robert A.; Fox, Susan, eds. The productivity and sustainability of southern forest ecosystems in a changing environment. Ecological Studies, vol. 128. New York: Springer-Verlag: 391-405.
Pearson, S.M., M.G. Turner, and D.L. Urban. 1999. Effective exercises in teaching landscape ecology. In: Klopatek, Jeffrey M.; Gradner, Robert H. eds. Landscape ecological analysis: issues and applications. New York: Springer-Verlag. Chapter 15. 335-368.
Phillips, M.J., L.W. Swift, Jr., and C.R. Blinn. 1999. Best management practices in riparian areas. In: Verry, S.; Hornbeck, J.; dolloff, A. eds. Riparian Management in Forests of the Continental Eastern United States. Chapter 16. 465-489.
Weinstein, D.A., W.P. Cropper, Jr., and S.G. McNulty. 1998. Summary of simulated forest responses to climate change in the Southeastern US. In: Mickler, Robert A.; Fox, Susan, eds. The productivity and sustainability of southern forest ecosystems in a changing environment. Ecological Studies, vol. 128. New York: Springer-Verlag: 479-500.
Dissertations and Theses (12 total)
Adams, J.C. 1998. The role of leaf litter and small wood in the retention of fine particles during storms in an Appalachian headwater stream. Blacksburg, Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 96 p. M.S. thesis.
Argo, B.W. 1998. Macroclimate and microclimate effects on flowering phenology and habitat distribution of Caulophyllum (Berberidaceae) in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia. 78 p. M.S. thesis.
Bennett, B.A. 1998. Forested versus agricultural headwaters: influences on downstream invertebrate assemblages in southern Appalachian streams. M.S. Thesis. Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.
Bennett, B.L. 1998. Land use influences on benthic invertebrate assemblages in southern Appalachian agricultural streams. Blacksburg, Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 96 p. M.S. thesis.
Davis, J.P. 1998. Fine root dynamics along an elevational gradient in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. M.S. Thesis, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
Dobbs, M.M. 1995. Spatial and temporal distribution of the evergreen understory in the Southern Appalachians. Athens, GA: University of Georgia. 104 p. M.S. thesis.
Dobbs, M.M. 1998. Dynamics of the evergreen understory at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina. Athens, GA: University of Georgia. 179 p. Ph.D. dissertation.
Harper, C.A. 1998. Analysis of wild turkey brood habitat within the Southern Appalachians. Ph.D. Dissertation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC.
Lambiase, S.J. 1999. Interspecific life history variation in the land snail genus Mesodon. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 104 p. M.S. thesis.
McTammany, M.E. 1998. The impact of different degrees and types of urbanization on benthic macroinvertebrates in southern Appalachian streams: potential mechanisms of land-use impact. M.S. Thesis. Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.
Thomas, T. 1998. Determination of sulfur processing potentials and in situ organic S pools in a forested riparian zone. M.S. Thesis, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
Wright, C.J. 1998. The effects of man-made and natural disturbance events upon soil microbial biomass, soil fauna, soil nutrient cycling, and litter decomposition in the southern Appalachians. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
Coweeta LTER Related Research Grants (1998 to present)
Excludes 1996-2002 CWT LTER grant from NSF (DEB 96-32854) for $6,030,489
(22 total for $6,795,190 representing 4 funding agencies)
Bolstad, P.V., P.B. Reich, and J.M. Vose. Acclimation/adaptation of leaf respiration in eastern deciduous forests: a biome-wide study. Funded by National Science Foundation for $375,000 from 1998 to 2001.
Coleman, D.C., B.D. Kloeppel, M.D. Hunter, and C.M. Pringle. Equipment and cross-site supplement proposal to the Coweeta LTER program grant number DEB-96-32854. Funded by National Science Foundation for $35,000 from 1999 to 2000.
Coleman, D.C., and J.M. Vose. Supplemental funding for "Long-term studies of disturbances as they affect ecological processes in landscapes of the southern Appalachians (DEB 96-32854)." Funded by National Science Foundation for $49,793 for 1998.
Coleman, D.C., and J.M. Vose. Curatorial funding for "Long-term Studies of disturbances as they affect ecological processes in landscapes of the southern Appalachians (DEB 96-32854)." Funded by National Science Foundation for $31,769 for 1998.
Geron, C., W.T. Swank, and J.M Vose. Water, soil, and air quality impacts of riparian ecosystem restoration. Funded by Environmental Protection Agency for $150,000 from 1997 through 1999.
Hendrick, R.L., K. Pregitzer, M. Allen and R. Ruess. Factors regulating below ground carbon allocation in terrestrial ecosystems: a cross-site experiment. Funded by National Science Foundation for $1,050,000 from 1997 to 2000.
Hunter, M.D. Short- and long-term effects of hurricane Opal on a forest ecosystem. Funded by National Science Foundation SGER Grant, Long-term Studies in Environmental Biology Program for $24,961 from 1996 through 1998.
Hunter, M.D. Top-down and bottom-up effects on herbivores: nutrient availability and the trophic interactions of insects on oak. Funded by National Science Foundation for $70,000 from 1999 to 2001.
Hunter, M.D., M.D. Lowman, and T.D. Schowalter. Canopy herbivory and soil processes in a temperate and tropical forest. Funded by National Science Foundation for $300,000 from 1999 to 2002.
Kloeppel, B.D. and D.C. Coleman. Communications LTER supplement to the LTER program at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (DEB-96-32854). Funded by National Science Foundation for $290,000 from 1999 to 2000.
Kloeppel, B.D. and D.C. Coleman. Carbon and water dynamics in mature and old growth forests in Poland and the United States: supplement to Coweeta LTER grant DEB-96-32854. Funded by National Science Foundation for $14,667 from 1999 to 2002.
Kloeppel, B.D. and D.C. Coleman. REU Supplement to LTER program at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (DEB-96-32854). Funded by National Science Foundation for $15,000 from 1997 to 1998.
Kloeppel, B.D. and D.C. Coleman. REU Supplement to LTER program at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (DEB-96-32854). Funded by National Science Foundation for $10,000 from 1998 to 1999.
Kloeppel, B.D. and D.C. Coleman. REU Supplement to LTER program at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (DEB-96-32854). Funded by National Science Foundation for $10,000 from 1999 to 2000.
Kloeppel, B.D. and D.C. Coleman. Schoolyard Supplement to LTER program at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (DEB-96-32854). Funded by National Science Foundation for $15,000 from 1998 to 1999.
Kloeppel, B.D. and D.C. Coleman. Schoolyard Supplement to LTER program at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (DEB-96-32854). Funded by National Science Foundation for $15,000 from 1999 to 2000.
Nilsen, E.T., O.K. Miller, and B.D. Clinton. Probing the mechanisms by which subcanopy evergreen shrubs inhibit tree seedling recruitment. Funded by USDA-NRI-CSRS for $485,000 from September 1999 to August 2003.
Rosemond, A.D., J.B. Wallace, K. Suberkropp, and P.J. Mulholland. Nutrient effects on a detritus-based ecosystem. Funded by National Science Foundation for $700,000 from January 1999 to December 2002.
Valett, H.M., J.R. Webster, P.J. Mulholland, C.N. Dahm, P.V. Unnikrishna, and C.G. Peterson. Nitrate retention in headwater stream: influences of riparian vegetation, metabolism, and subsurface properties. Funded by National Science Foundation for $1,120,000 from April 1999 to March 2002.
Vose, J.M. and W.T. Swank. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and groundwater: Estimating transpiration in poplar seedlings. Funded by Department of Defense for $134,000 from 1997 through 1999.
Wallace, J.B., J.L. Meyer, and J.R. Webster. Stream ecosystem response to decoupling terrestrial-aquatic linkages. Funded by National Science Foundation for $800,000 from 1 September 1996 through 31 August 2000.
Webster, J.R., P.J. Mulholland, J.L. Meyer, and B.J. Peterson. Nitrogen uptake, retention and cycling in stream ecosystems: an intersite N15 tracer experiment. Funded by National Science Foundation for $1,100,000 from 1 September 1996 through 31 August 1999. One post-doc funded by a Fulbright Scholarship.